Terminology

Conservation actions are specific activities undetaken to help a threatened plant species to survive. These might be: population size estimation (but not on its own), plant introduction (new population), plant reintroduction (translocation), population reinforcement, removal of competing natural vegetation, removal of competing indigenous species, removal of competitive invasive species, multispecies management, habitat protection, fence construction, divulgation actions (conservation dissemination to the public), etc.

Plant introduction is process of introducing plants from their own environment to a new environment. / Plant introduction is process of introducing plants from their growing locality to a new locality.

Plant reintroduction is the controlled placement of plant material into an area in which it formerly occurred, but in which it is now extinct or believed to be extinct (sensu stricto).

Population reinforcement is the addition of individuals to an existing population, with the aim of increasing population size or diversity and thereby improving its viability.

Geographical coordinates are not available for all the actions nor are eaqually precise in all cases. They serve more as a landmark where roughly the activities were done.

Types of protected areas at the national level according to the IUCN. More detailes are available at: https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories.

Ia

Strict Nature Reserve

Protected areas that are strictly set aside to protect biodiversity and also possibly geological/geomorphologic features, where human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. Such protected areas can serve as indispensable reference areas for scientific research and monitoring.

Ib

Wilderness Area

Protected areas that are usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant human habitation, which are protected and managed so as to preserve their natural condition.

II

National Park

Large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, along with the complement of species and ecosystems characteristic of the area, which also provide a foundation for environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities.

III

Natural Monument or Feature

Protected areas set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological feature such as a cave or even a living feature such as an ancient grove. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value.

IV

Habitat/Species Management Area

Protected areas aiming to protect particular species or habitats and management reflect this priority.

V

Protected Landscape/Seascape

A protected area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values.

VI

Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Protected areas that conserve ecosystems and habitats, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. They are generally large, with most of the area in a natural condition, where a proportion is under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial use of natural resources compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims of the area.

 

Protected areas at the Euroepan level

Natura 2000

Natura 2000 is a network of core breeding and resting sites for rare and threatened species, and some rare natural habitat types which are protected in their own right

Emerald

The Emerald Network is an ecological network made up of Areas of Special Conservation Interest.

Ramsar

The Convention on Wetlands is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.

World Cultural and Natural Heritage

UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

Biosphere Reserve

UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme

IPA

Important Plant Areas (PlantLife) - areas of great botanical importance for threatened species, habitats and plant diversity in general, that can be identified, protected and managed as sites.

IBA

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (BirdLife) - places of international significance for the conservation of birds and other biodiversity.

PBA

Prime Butterfly Areas - the most important areas with an emphasis on the target butterfly species of priority for protection.

PHA

Prime Hoverfly Areas - areas important for prevalence of hoverflies

 

EUNIS habitat types were used. Detailes are available at: https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats-code-browser.jsp?expand=#level_C.

Priority habitats are habitat types in danger of disappearance and whose natural range mainly falls within the territory of the European Union. These habitats are indicated by an asterisk in the Interpretation Manual (2019), available at: https://rm.coe.int/interpretation-manual-of-the-habitats-listed-in-resolution-no-4-1996-/168098c68c.